1 Analysis





2 Summary of Results









3 Black Antagonism

3.1 Items

  • There is a lot of discrimination against Blacks in America today, which limits their chances to get ahead
  • It is easy to understand the anger of Black people in America
  • Blacks have become far too confrontational in their demand for equal rights [reversed]
  • Social movements such as ‘Black Lives Matters’ are detrimental to society [reversed]

3.2 Demographics of Black Antagonism

We asked participants how positive or negative do you feel concerning the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement. Participants responded to this question in a 9-point scale ranging from extremely negative (1) to extremely positive (9).

3.2.1 Social Class





Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by SES

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by SES





Black Antagonism as grouped by SES
SES N Mean SD
Lower Middle Class 298 -0.16 1.01
Upper Middle Class 395 -0.05 0.97
Rich 90 0.04 0.89
Middle Middle Class 679 0.09 1.01
Poor 38 0.13 1.18

3.2.2 Gender





Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Gender

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Gender





Black Antagonism as grouped by Gender
Gender N Mean SD
Female 760 -0.12 1.03
Male 740 0.12 0.95

3.2.3 Age





Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Age

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Age





Black Antagonism as grouped by Age
Age N Mean SD
18-24 years 193 -0.26 0.92
25-34 years 264 -0.24 1.01
35-44 years 263 -0.03 1.00
55-64 years 234 0.07 1.03
45-54 years 292 0.09 1.03
65+ 254 0.31 0.87

3.2.4 Education





Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Education

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Education





Black Antagonism as grouped by Education
Education N Mean SD
Graduate 193 -0.11 0.96
Bachelor 310 -0.01 0.99
Some college 471 0.01 1.05
High-school 475 0.04 0.97
Less than High-school 51 0.06 1.01

3.2.5 Income Levels





Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Income Levels

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Income Levels





Black Antagonism as grouped by Income Levels
Income Levels N Mean SD
Less than $15,000 178 -0.19 1.04
$50,000-$74,999 292 -0.05 1.00
$15,000-$24,999 180 -0.03 0.99
$35,000-$49,999 227 0.02 0.99
$100,000-$149,999 160 0.05 0.95
$75,000-$99,999 192 0.05 0.96
$25,000-$34,999 176 0.10 1.06
$150,000 + 95 0.18 0.96

3.2.6 Ethnicity





Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Ethnicity

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Ethnicity





Black Antagonism as grouped by Ethnicity
Ethnicity N Mean SD
Black/African America 115 -1.06 0.79
Native American 13 -0.35 0.89
Asian/Pacific Islander 29 -0.35 0.80
Latino 88 -0.33 0.89
Other 18 -0.12 0.85
Caucasian/European origin 1237 0.14 0.97

3.2.7 Occupation





Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Occupation

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Occupation





Black Antagonism as grouped by Occupation
Occupation N Mean SD
Student 85 -0.49 1.11
Unemployed 146 -0.21 1.00
Employed 768 -0.03 0.97
Full-time caregiver 31 -0.02 1.00
Retired 268 0.18 0.95
Disabled 98 0.21 1.03
Parent 104 0.23 1.02

3.2.8 Area





Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Area

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Area





Black Antagonism as grouped by Area
Area N Mean SD
Urban 955 -0.12 1.01
Rural 545 0.21 0.95





3.2.9 Religious Affiliation





Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Religious Affiliation

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Religious Affiliation





Black Antagonism as grouped by Religious Affiliation
Religious Affiliation N Mean SD
Muslim 9 -0.60 0.99
Atheist/Agnostic 230 -0.43 1.05
No religion 195 -0.23 0.93
Jewish 52 -0.09 1.08
Christian 1014 0.15 0.96










4 Political Behavior and Black Antagonism

4.1 Political Orientation

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Political Orientation

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Political Orientation





Figure X. Black Antagonism & Political Orientation

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Political Orientation





    Political Orientation   Social Political Orientation   Economic Political Orientation   Composite Political Orientation
    B CI   B CI   B CI   B CI
(Intercept)   2.21 *** 1.93 – 2.48   1.56 *** 1.25 – 1.88   2.33 *** 2.03 – 2.64   2.03 *** 1.77 – 2.30
Black Antagonism   0.58 *** 0.53 – 0.63   0.63 *** 0.57 – 0.68   0.59 *** 0.53 – 0.64   0.60 *** 0.55 – 0.64
Observations   1500   1500   1500   1500
R2 / adj. R2   .273 / .273   .254 / .254   .245 / .244   .299 / .299
Notes * p<.05   ** p<.01   *** p<.001





    Political Orientation   Social Political Orientation   Economic Political Orientation   Composite Political Orientation
    B CI   B CI   B CI   B CI
(Intercept)   0.53 * 0.12 – 0.94   -0.04  -0.49 – 0.41   0.25  -0.22 – 0.72   0.25  -0.15 – 0.64
Black Antagonism   0.44 *** 0.39 – 0.48   0.45 *** 0.40 – 0.50   0.48 *** 0.42 – 0.53   0.46 *** 0.41 – 0.50
Age   0.10 ** 0.04 – 0.16   0.10 ** 0.03 – 0.16   0.11 ** 0.04 – 0.18   0.10 *** 0.04 – 0.16
Income   0.05  -0.00 – 0.11   -0.04  -0.10 – 0.02   0.09 ** 0.03 – 0.16   0.04  -0.01 – 0.09
Religiosity   0.30 *** 0.27 – 0.34   0.42 *** 0.38 – 0.46   0.22 *** 0.18 – 0.26   0.32 *** 0.28 – 0.35
Education   -0.04  -0.15 – 0.06   -0.08  -0.19 – 0.03   0.12 * 0.01 – 0.24   -0.00  -0.10 – 0.10
Gender   0.63 *** 0.44 – 0.83   0.72 *** 0.50 – 0.93   0.60 *** 0.38 – 0.83   0.65 *** 0.46 – 0.84
Urban vs. Rural   0.26 * 0.06 – 0.46   0.26 * 0.03 – 0.48   0.15  -0.08 – 0.39   0.22 * 0.03 – 0.42
Observations   1500   1500   1500   1500
R2 / adj. R2   .417 / .414   .451 / .448   .337 / .334   .456 / .453
Notes * p<.05   ** p<.01   *** p<.001





4.2 Candidate Preferences





Figure X. Black Antagonism & Candidate Preferences

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Candidate Preferences





Candidate Preferences and Black Antagonism [centered]
Candidate Preference N Mean SD
Bernie Sanders 362 -0.58 0.92
Hillary Clinton 371 -0.49 0.88
Gary Johnson 68 0.11 0.70
Jeb Bush 83 0.20 0.70
Rand Paul 44 0.27 0.74
Ted Cruz 122 0.59 0.82
Donald Trump 444 0.63 0.81





Candidate Preferences and Black Antagonism [raw means]
Candidate Preferences N Mean SD Range
Bernie Sanders 362 4.07 2.04 1-9
Hillary Clinton 371 4.28 1.94 1-9
Gary Johnson 68 5.60 1.55 1-9
Jeb Bush 83 5.81 1.56 1-9
Rand Paul 44 5.95 1.65 1-9
Ted Cruz 122 6.66 1.81 1-9
Donald Trump 444 6.77 1.79 1-9





Figure X. Black Antagonism & Candidate Preferences

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Candidate Preferences





4.3 Party Preferences





Figure X. Black Antagonism & Party Preferences

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Party Preferences





Party Preferences and Black Antagonism [centered]
Party Preference N Mean SD
Green Party 40 -0.93 0.86
Democratic Party 560 -0.53 0.92
Don’t know 90 0.01 0.85
Libertarian Party 100 0.05 0.91
None 120 0.07 0.90
Republican Party 508 0.48 0.81
Constitution Party 14 0.59 1.00
Tea Party 68 1.00 0.64





Party Preferences and Black Antagonism [raw means]
Party Preferences N Mean SD Range
Green Party 40 3.29 1.91 1-9
Democratic Party 560 4.19 2.04 1-9
Don’t know 90 5.38 1.90 1-9
Libertarian Party 100 5.47 2.02 1-9
None 120 5.51 2.00 1-9
Republican Party 508 6.43 1.79 1-9
Constitution Party 14 6.68 2.22 1-9
Tea Party 68 7.57 1.42 1-9





4.4 Voting





    2016 [Trump vs. Clinton]   2016 [Trump vs. Clinton] + Supporters   2012 [Romney vs. Obama]   2008 [McCain vs. Obama]
    Odds Ratio CI   Odds Ratio CI   Odds Ratio CI   Odds Ratio CI
(Intercept)   49.46 *** 30.66 – 82.16   47.90 *** 29.99 – 78.68   29.95 *** 19.70 – 46.50   27.79 *** 18.25 – 43.21
Black Antagonism   0.49 *** 0.45 – 0.53   0.49 *** 0.45 – 0.53   0.55 *** 0.51 – 0.59   0.57 *** 0.52 – 0.61
Observations   1103   1148   1236   1206
Notes * p<.05   ** p<.01   *** p<.001









4.4.1 Party Identity





Figure X. Black Antagonism & Party Identity

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Party Identity





Figure X. Black Antagonism, Party Identity and Voting

Figure X. Black Antagonism, Party Identity and Voting





Tables meant for checking the number of observations in each category of the above graph.

Party Identity & Voting
Donald Trump Hilary Clinton
Strong Democrat 4 323
Democrat 27 129
Leaning Democrat 10 65
Independent 17 16
Leaning Republican 58 7
Republican 166 24
Strong Republican 282 7

4.4.2 Party Identity

4.4.2.1 with both representative (N = 1500) and convinience (2119) samples.





Figure X. Black Antagonism, Party Identity and Voting

Figure X. Black Antagonism, Party Identity and Voting





Tables meant for checking the number of observations in each category of the above graph.

Party Identity and Party Identity & Voting [N = 3619]
Donald Trump Hilary Clinton
Strong Democrat 6 649
Democrat 58 307
Leaning Democrat 18 196
Independent 70 46
Leaning Republican 181 15
Republican 440 57
Strong Republican 748 12





4.4.3 Voting & Party Identity





Figure X. Black Antagonism & Party Identity & Voting Preferences

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Party Identity & Voting Preferences





    2016 [Clinton vs. Trump]   2016 [Trump vs. Clinton] + Supporters
    Odds Ratio CI   Odds Ratio CI
(Intercept)   137.935 *** 65.051 – 312.892   117.066 *** 58.041 – 250.329
Party Identity   0.009 *** 0.005 – 0.014   0.011 *** 0.007 – 0.018
Black Antagonism   0.629 *** 0.555 – 0.710   0.627 *** 0.556 – 0.703
Observations   1103   1148
Notes * p<.05   ** p<.01   *** p<.001





4.5 Likeability

4.5.1 Trump’s Likebility





Figure X. Black Antagonism & Trump's Likebility

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Trump’s Likebility





4.5.2 Clinton’s Likebility





Figure X. Black Antagonism & Clinton's Likebility

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Clinton’s Likebility





4.5.3 Johnson’s Likebility





Figure X. Black Antagonism & Johnson's Likebility

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Johnson’s Likebility






5 Correlates of support for the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement





5.1 Ideology and Partisanship & support for the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement





Figure X. Correlates of support for the 1960's Civil Rights Movement

Figure X. Correlates of support for the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement





5.2 Nationalism, Nativism, Patriotism, Populism, and Conspiracy & support for the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement





Figure X. Correlates of support for the 1960's Civil Rights Movement

Figure X. Correlates of support for the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement





5.3 Political Psychology & support for the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement





Figure X. Correlates of support for the 1960's Civil Rights Movement

Figure X. Correlates of support for the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement





5.4 Values & support for the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement





Figure X. Correlates of support for the 1960's Civil Rights Movement

Figure X. Correlates of support for the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement





5.5 Positive and Negative correlates of support for the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement





Figure X. Correlates of support for the 1960's Civil Rights Movement

Figure X. Correlates of support for the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement





Figure X. Correlates of support for the 1960's Civil Rights Movement

Figure X. Correlates of support for the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement