1 Analysis

2 Summary of Results

3 Black Antagonism

3.1 Items

There is a lot of discrimination against Blacks in America today, which limits their chances to get ahead
It is easy to understand the anger of Black people in America
Blacks have become far too confrontational in their demand for equal rights [reversed]
Social movements such as ‘Black Lives Matters’ are detrimental to society [reversed]

3.2 Demographics of Black Antagonism

We asked participants how positive or negative do you feel concerning the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement. Participants responded to this question in a 9-point scale ranging from extremely negative (1) to extremely positive (9).

3.2.1 Social Class

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by SES

Black Antagonism as grouped by SES
SES	N	Mean	SD
Lower Middle Class	298	-0.16	1.01
Upper Middle Class	395	-0.05	0.97
Rich	90	0.04	0.89
Middle Middle Class	679	0.09	1.01
Poor	38	0.13	1.18

3.2.2 Gender

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Gender

Black Antagonism as grouped by Gender
Gender	N	Mean	SD
Female	760	-0.12	1.03
Male	740	0.12	0.95

3.2.3 Age

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Age

Black Antagonism as grouped by Age
Age	N	Mean	SD
18-24 years	193	-0.26	0.92
25-34 years	264	-0.24	1.01
35-44 years	263	-0.03	1.00
55-64 years	234	0.07	1.03
45-54 years	292	0.09	1.03
65+	254	0.31	0.87

3.2.4 Education

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Education

Black Antagonism as grouped by Education
Education	N	Mean	SD
Graduate	193	-0.11	0.96
Bachelor	310	-0.01	0.99
Some college	471	0.01	1.05
High-school	475	0.04	0.97
Less than High-school	51	0.06	1.01

3.2.5 Income Levels

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Income Levels

Black Antagonism as grouped by Income Levels
Income Levels	N	Mean	SD
Less than $15,000	178	-0.19	1.04
$50,000-$74,999	292	-0.05	1.00
$15,000-$24,999	180	-0.03	0.99
$35,000-$49,999	227	0.02	0.99
$100,000-$149,999	160	0.05	0.95
$75,000-$99,999	192	0.05	0.96
$25,000-$34,999	176	0.10	1.06
$150,000 +	95	0.18	0.96

3.2.6 Ethnicity

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Ethnicity

Black Antagonism as grouped by Ethnicity
Ethnicity	N	Mean	SD
Black/African America	115	-1.06	0.79
Native American	13	-0.35	0.89
Asian/Pacific Islander	29	-0.35	0.80
Latino	88	-0.33	0.89
Other	18	-0.12	0.85
Caucasian/European origin	1237	0.14	0.97

3.2.7 Occupation

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Occupation

Black Antagonism as grouped by Occupation
Occupation	N	Mean	SD
Student	85	-0.49	1.11
Unemployed	146	-0.21	1.00
Employed	768	-0.03	0.97
Full-time caregiver	31	-0.02	1.00
Retired	268	0.18	0.95
Disabled	98	0.21	1.03
Parent	104	0.23	1.02

3.2.8 Area

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Area

Black Antagonism as grouped by Area
Area	N	Mean	SD
Urban	955	-0.12	1.01
Rural	545	0.21	0.95

3.2.9 Religious Affiliation

Figure X. Black Antagonism as grouped by Religious Affiliation

Black Antagonism as grouped by Religious Affiliation
Religious Affiliation	N	Mean	SD
Muslim	9	-0.60	0.99
Atheist/Agnostic	230	-0.43	1.05
No religion	195	-0.23	0.93
Jewish	52	-0.09	1.08
Christian	1014	0.15	0.96

4 Political Behavior and Black Antagonism

4.1 Political Orientation

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Political Orientation

Political Orientation

Social Political Orientation

Economic Political Orientation

Composite Political Orientation

B

CI

B

CI

B

CI

B

CI

(Intercept)

2.21 ***

1.93 – 2.48

1.56 ***

1.25 – 1.88

2.33 ***

2.03 – 2.64

2.03 ***

1.77 – 2.30

Black Antagonism

0.58 ***

0.53 – 0.63

0.63 ***

0.57 – 0.68

0.59 ***

0.53 – 0.64

0.60 ***

0.55 – 0.64

Observations

1500

R² / adj. R²

.273 / .273

.254 / .254

.245 / .244

.299 / .299

Notes

* p<.05 ** p<.01 *** p<.001

Political Orientation

Social Political Orientation

Economic Political Orientation

Composite Political Orientation

B

CI

B

CI

B

CI

B

CI

(Intercept)

0.53 *

0.12 – 0.94

-0.04

-0.49 – 0.41

0.25

-0.22 – 0.72

0.25

-0.15 – 0.64

Black Antagonism

0.44 ***

0.39 – 0.48

0.45 ***

0.40 – 0.50

0.48 ***

0.42 – 0.53

0.46 ***

0.41 – 0.50

Age

0.10 **

0.04 – 0.16

0.10 **

0.03 – 0.16

0.11 **

0.04 – 0.18

0.10 ***

0.04 – 0.16

Income

0.05

-0.00 – 0.11

-0.04

-0.10 – 0.02

0.09 **

0.03 – 0.16

0.04

-0.01 – 0.09

Religiosity

0.30 ***

0.27 – 0.34

0.42 ***

0.38 – 0.46

0.22 ***

0.18 – 0.26

0.32 ***

0.28 – 0.35

Education

-0.04

-0.15 – 0.06

-0.08

-0.19 – 0.03

0.12 *

0.01 – 0.24

-0.00

-0.10 – 0.10

Gender

0.63 ***

0.44 – 0.83

0.72 ***

0.50 – 0.93

0.60 ***

0.38 – 0.83

0.65 ***

0.46 – 0.84

Urban vs. Rural

0.26 *

0.06 – 0.46

0.26 *

0.03 – 0.48

0.15

-0.08 – 0.39

0.22 *

0.03 – 0.42

Observations

1500

R² / adj. R²

.417 / .414

.451 / .448

.337 / .334

.456 / .453

Notes

* p<.05 ** p<.01 *** p<.001

4.2 Candidate Preferences

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Candidate Preferences

Candidate Preferences and Black Antagonism [centered]
Candidate Preference	N	Mean	SD
Bernie Sanders	362	-0.58	0.92
Hillary Clinton	371	-0.49	0.88
Gary Johnson	68	0.11	0.70
Jeb Bush	83	0.20	0.70
Rand Paul	44	0.27	0.74
Ted Cruz	122	0.59	0.82
Donald Trump	444	0.63	0.81

Candidate Preferences and Black Antagonism [raw means]
Candidate Preferences	N	Mean	SD	Range
Bernie Sanders	362	4.07	2.04	1-9
Hillary Clinton	371	4.28	1.94	1-9
Gary Johnson	68	5.60	1.55	1-9
Jeb Bush	83	5.81	1.56	1-9
Rand Paul	44	5.95	1.65	1-9
Ted Cruz	122	6.66	1.81	1-9
Donald Trump	444	6.77	1.79	1-9

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Candidate Preferences

4.3 Party Preferences

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Party Preferences

Party Preferences and Black Antagonism [centered]
Party Preference	N	Mean	SD
Green Party	40	-0.93	0.86
Democratic Party	560	-0.53	0.92
Don’t know	90	0.01	0.85
Libertarian Party	100	0.05	0.91
None	120	0.07	0.90
Republican Party	508	0.48	0.81
Constitution Party	14	0.59	1.00
Tea Party	68	1.00	0.64

Party Preferences and Black Antagonism [raw means]
Party Preferences	N	Mean	SD	Range
Green Party	40	3.29	1.91	1-9
Democratic Party	560	4.19	2.04	1-9
Don’t know	90	5.38	1.90	1-9
Libertarian Party	100	5.47	2.02	1-9
None	120	5.51	2.00	1-9
Republican Party	508	6.43	1.79	1-9
Constitution Party	14	6.68	2.22	1-9
Tea Party	68	7.57	1.42	1-9

4.4 Voting

2016 [Trump vs. Clinton]

2016 [Trump vs. Clinton] + Supporters

2012 [Romney vs. Obama]

2008 [McCain vs. Obama]

Odds Ratio

CI

Odds Ratio

CI

Odds Ratio

CI

Odds Ratio

CI

(Intercept)

49.46 ***

30.66 – 82.16

47.90 ***

29.99 – 78.68

29.95 ***

19.70 – 46.50

27.79 ***

18.25 – 43.21

Black Antagonism

0.49 ***

0.45 – 0.53

0.49 ***

0.45 – 0.53

0.55 ***

0.51 – 0.59

0.57 ***

0.52 – 0.61

Observations

1103

1148

1236

1206

Notes

* p<.05 ** p<.01 *** p<.001

4.4.1 Party Identity

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Party Identity

Figure X. Black Antagonism, Party Identity and Voting

Tables meant for checking the number of observations in each category of the above graph.

Party Identity & Voting
	Donald Trump	Hilary Clinton
Strong Democrat	4	323
Democrat	27	129
Leaning Democrat	10	65
Independent	17	16
Leaning Republican	58	7
Republican	166	24
Strong Republican	282	7

4.4.2 Party Identity

4.4.2.1 with both representative (N = 1500) and convinience (2119) samples.

Figure X. Black Antagonism, Party Identity and Voting

Tables meant for checking the number of observations in each category of the above graph.

Party Identity and Party Identity & Voting [N = 3619]
	Donald Trump	Hilary Clinton
Strong Democrat	6	649
Democrat	58	307
Leaning Democrat	18	196
Independent	70	46
Leaning Republican	181	15
Republican	440	57
Strong Republican	748	12

4.4.3 Voting & Party Identity

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Party Identity & Voting Preferences

		2016 [Clinton vs. Trump]		2016 [Trump vs. Clinton] + Supporters
		Odds Ratio	CI	Odds Ratio	CI
(Intercept)		137.935 ***	65.051 – 312.892	117.066 ***	58.041 – 250.329
Party Identity		0.009 ***	0.005 – 0.014	0.011 ***	0.007 – 0.018
Black Antagonism		0.629 ***	0.555 – 0.710	0.627 ***	0.556 – 0.703
Observations		1103		1148
Notes	* p<.05 p<.01 * p<.001

4.5 Likeability

4.5.1 Trump’s Likebility

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Trump’s Likebility

4.5.2 Clinton’s Likebility

Figure X. Black Antagonism & Clinton’s Likebility